There is a Azure blog post which talks about the high level phases involved in the deployment and points readers to a technet article which provides the details. However, if you are using the Azure Free Trial, you will face a road block because of the max 4 core limitations per location enforced by Microsoft.
So what we can do is to change the design a little bit to successfully deploy SharePoint 2016 to Azure using Free Trial subscription for evaluation. Instead of deploying all 3 servers (AD, SQL & SharePoint) in a single location, deploy AD and SharePoint in one location and SQL in another location.
Steps
1. First, create 1 VNet in each location and connect them together. Steps here. But instead of putting 8.8.8.8 as the DNS server, put in the AD server IP. AD server is also the DNS server in this deployment.
2. Deploy the AD and SharePoint servers in 1 Vnet and SQL into the other VNet. Instead of opening SQL server ports as mentioned in the article, configure Inbound rules at NSG level for the second VNet (where SQL is deployed).
3. Follow the configuration steps as per the technet article.
4. Enjoy your evaluation. :-).